Myeloid sarcoma: an uncommon presentation of myeloid neoplasms; a case series of 4 rare cases reported in a tertiary care institute

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare extramedullary neoplasm of myeloid cells, which can arise before, concurrently with, or following hematolymphoid malignancies. We report 04 such cases of MS, diagnosed in this institute over a period of 6 years, during various phases of their respective myeloid neoplasms/leukemias. These cases include MS occurring as a relapse of AML (Case 1), MS occurring as an initial presentation of CML (Case 2), MS occurring during ongoing chemotherapy in APML (Case 3), and MS presenting as a progression of MDS to AML (Case 4). In the absence of relevant clinical history and unemployment of appropriate immunohistochemical (IHC) studies, these cases have a high risk of being frequently misdiagnosed either as Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) or small round cell tumors or undifferentiated carcinomas, which may further delay their management, making an already bad prognosis worse. This case series has been designed to throw light on the varied presentation of MS and the lineage differentiation of its neoplastic cells through the application of relevant IHC markers along with their clinical correlation.

Myeloid sarcoma in the tongue

Leukemic cells are rarely present in the oral cavity, and there are very few reports regarding such cases. However, we identified some reports of leukemic cells infiltrating tissues in the oral cavity, including gingival involvement. Recurrent painful oral ulcerations and prominent generalized periodontal destruction are the most common oral features of neutrophil disorders, and they may even be the initial symptoms of the disease. The ulcers may affect any part of the oral mucosa, including the tongue and palate. The objective of this report is to describe and discuss a case of myeloid sarcoma in the oral cavity of a 48-year-old male patient.

Male with myelofibrosis and ulceronecrotic lesions

SUMMARY Granulocytic sarcoma also called myeloid sarcoma is an extramedullary tumour of immature granulocytic cells. It is a rare entity, and mostly accompanied by acute myeloid leukaemia. It is observed during the course of myeloproliferative disorders especially in chronic myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. Here, we report a case of a 60-year-old male with past history of myelofibrosis admitted to the emergency room due ulceronecrotic lesions, fever and dysphagia. We emphasize the importance of recognizing this entity and its severity.

RESUMO O sarcoma granulocítico, também chamado de sarcoma mieloide, é um tumor extramedular de células granulocíticas ¡maturas. É uma entidade rara, e principalmente acompanhada de leucemia mieloide aguda. É observado durante o transtorno mieloproliferativo, especialmente na leucemia mieloide crónica e síndromes mielodisplásicas. Aqui, relatamos um caso de um homem de 60 anos com antecedente de mielofibrose admitida na sala de emergência devido a lesões ulceronecróticas, febre e disfagia. Enfatizamos a importância de reconhecer essa entidade e sua gravidade.

Cutaneous myeloid sarcoma associated with chronic myeloid leukemia

Abstract: Myeloid sarcoma is an extramedullary tumor of malignant myeloid cells often associated with acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloproliferative disorders and myelodysplastic syndromes. The skin is one of the most commonly affected sites. We report a rare case of cutaneous myeloid sarcoma associated with chronic myeloid leukemia.

Gastric myeloid sarcoma - A report of two cases addressing diagnostic issues.

Presented herein are two cases of gastric myeloid sarcoma to highlight the diagnostic conundrum and pointers toward accurate diagnosis in such instances. The first case was a 35-year-old man with an ulceronodular mass in the body of stomach. Multiple biopsies were reported as inconclusive chiefly due to the fact that the lamina propria infiltrate was innocuous and failed to mark with CD20 or CD3. Subsequently the patient had extensive disseminated disease which was recognized as myeloid sarcoma but patient succumbed to the disease soon. The second case was a 25-year-old boy who presented with symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction since 6 months. An endoscopy revealed diffuse gastric wall thickening which on biopsy was recognized as myeloid sarcoma but patient developed intestinal obstruction and required ileal resection for symptomatic relief, postoperative patient never recovered and succumbed to the disease. Both patients had marrow involvement by acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M2) with a normal leukocyte count in peripheral blood. Thus gastric myeloid sarcomas are prone to a delayed diagnosis chiefly due to rarity. Pathologist should think of myeloid sarcoma in a hematolymphoid appearing tumor in stomach that is CD20, CD3 negative, has avid Ki67 and shows an infiltrate chiefly centered in lamina propria.

Sarcoma mieloide: Caso clínico con trisomia 11 / Myeloid sarcoma: Report of one case with trisomy 11

Myeloid sarcoma is a form of extra-medullary myeloid neoplasia. Cytogenetic characterization is hampered in the absence of invasion to the bone marrow, origin of cells that are usually studied in cytogenetic studies. We report a 13years old mole presenting with a mass in the right shoulder. A biopsy of the tumor disclosed a Myeloid Sarcoma. A conventional cytogenetic study of a bone marrow aspirate did not show t (8;21) translocation. A fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) performed in the paraffin embedded biopsy of the tumor, detected a chromosome 11 trisomy.

Generalized cutaneous granulocytic sarcoma with joint involvement

Granulocytic sarcoma [GS] is a rare medullary solid tumour composed on immature myeloid cells. These tumours often display a greenish colour due to the enzymatic action of myeloperoxidase in the tumour cells. Hence, the term 'chloroma' was given to this lesion in 1853. GS commonly involves bone, periosteum, soft tissue, lymph node, and skin. Rare occurrences in muscle, meninges, breast, mediastinum, joints and ovary have been reported. Below-knee joint involvement in GS is unusual. We report a case of generalized cutaneous granulocytic sarcoma with ankle joint involvement who subsequently developed AML-M4

Granulocytic sarcoma.

We present two cases where GS was sole presentations, months before the diagnosis of AML.

Granulocytic sarcoma.

Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is an extramedullary tumor mostly associated with acute or chronic myelogenous leukemia (AML). GS can virtually involve any structure in body. Rarely the tumor may be seen before the diagnosis of underlying hematological malignancies. We present two cases where GS was sole presentations, months before the diagnosis of AML.

Myeloid Sarcoma of Both Kidneys, the Brain, and Multiple Bones in a Nonleukemic Child

A myeloid sarcoma (MS) is an extramedullary tumor consisting of primitive granulocytic precursor cells. Although most such tumors have been reported in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia, MS is rarely recognized as an isolated tumor without any evidence of leukemia. However, in such cases, the initial diagnosis of MS can be difficult, so initial misdiagnosis rates of up to 75% have been reported. This report describes an unusual case of MS in a 3-year 5-month-old girl presenting as bilateral renal enlargements, and brain masses, with multiple bone involvements, but no hematological abnormalities.

Sarcoma granulocítico de sistema nervoso central pós transplante de medula óssea: relato de caso / Central nervous system granulocytic sarcoma after bone marrow transplant: case report

Sarcoma granulocítico é tumor sólido, constituído por células precursoras de granulócitos, localizado em sítio extra medular. Geralmente surge precedendo uma leucemia mielóide aguda ou concomitantemente a ela, sendo considerado fator de mau prognóstico. Tem como principais modalidades terapêuticas a radioterapia e a quimioterapia. Um caso de sarcoma granulocítico intracraniano ocorrido seis meses após transplante de medula óssea por leucemia mielóide aguda é relatado. A paciente apresentava cefaléia e hemiplegia esquerda, causada por extensa lesäo fronto-parietal direita. Após a ressecçäo completa do tumor, houve total recuperaçäo do déficit neurológico. A paciente completou o tratamento radio e quimioterápico, estando livre de doença após três meses de acompanhamento. O manejo cirúrgico do sarcoma granulocítico é modalidade adjuvante, indicada quando o efeito compressivo tumoral determina déficit neurológico. É o meio mais rápido de descompressäo do tecido nervoso, possibilitando a chance de recuperaçäo funcional, melhorando a qualidade de vida do paciente

Granulocytic sarcoma in bone preceding diagnosis of acute leukemia a report of two cases

Granulocytic sarcomas may develop during the course of, or as a presenting sign of, myelogenous leukemia. Rarely, however, an extramedullary neoplasm composed of poorly differentiated granulocytic cells occurs in patients without peripheral blood or bone marrow evidence of leukemia. We encountered two cases of granulocytic sarcoma [chloroma] of bone with negative blood and bone marrow finding. Before and after biopsy taking we were confused about the diagnosis and we had to review the literature. The aim of this work is to put this lesion in focus, so that orthopaedic surgeons may not be confused on facing such lesion